Drying is the oldest method of preserving food. The first European settlers in America often ate dried corn, apple, currants, grapes and meat. Sun drying of food was an easy way to prolong the life of food, but this form of dried food was different from what is available today. In different climates, the food dried differently because complete sun drying is dependent on very particular weather conditions. Drying eliminates moisture from the food resulting in a longer food life. Organisms that make food spoil require moisture to survive, so foods that have been completely dried have the longest life.
The methods of drying food, particularly fruits and vegetables, have become more sophisticated over time. The three most common methods used today are briefly described below:
- Solar: Solar dehydration of food requires 3 to 5 consecutive days of 95 degrees or above and low humidity. This climate is found only in limited areas in the United States.
- Oven: Foods are dried using a household kitchen oven. This method can be expensive as many hours are normally required to dry food. Oven dried foods are often times darker and more brittle than foods dried by other methods. This method is often suggested for first time dryers, as very little new equipment is required for this method.
- Dehydrator: This type of drying produces the highest quality product. An electric dehydrator may be purchased and various sizes and levels of quality are generally available.
Dried fruits and vegetables are high in fiber and carbohydrates and low in fat. However, dried foods are more calorically dense than their fresh counterparts. The recommended serving size for dried fruits and vegetables is half that of fresh.
Vitamin C is one nutrient that is destroyed by heat. Pretreating food with citrus juice can help increase the vitamin C content of the dried food.
| | Dried Cranberries | Serving size 1/4 cup (30g)
| Amounts Per Serving | % Daily Value | | Calories 90 | | | Calories from Fat 0 | | | Total Fat 0g | 0% | | Saturated Fat 0g | 0% | | Cholesterol 0mg | 0% | | Sodium 0mg | 0% | | Total Carbohydrate 25g | 8% | | Dietary Fiber 2g | 7% | | Sugars 20g |
| | Protein 0g |
| | Vitamin A | 0% | | Vitamin C | 0% | | Calcium | 0% | | Iron | 0% | * Percent Daily Values are based on a 2,000 calorie diet. | | | | | |
| | Sun Dried Tomatoes | Serving size 1/4 cup (14g)
| Amounts Per Serving | % Daily Value | | Calories 35 | | | Calories from Fat 5 | | | Total Fat 0g | 0% | | Saturated Fat 0g | 0% | | Cholesterol 0mg | 0% | | Sodium 280mg | 12% | | Total Carbohydrate 8g | 3% | | Dietary Fiber 2g | 7% | | Sugars 5g |
| | Protein 2g |
| | Vitamin A | 2% | | Vitamin C | 8% | | Calcium | 2% | | Iron | 6% | * Percent Daily Values are based on a 2,000 calorie diet. | | | | | |
For drying at home, select ripe fruits and vegetables for drying. Bruised fruit may be used if those areas are removed before drying. Do not use any food with mold on it for drying. Peel and slice food into 1/8 to 1/2 inch slices. The higher the water content, the larger the slice should be because the more it will shrink in drying.
Pretreating food before drying is a common practice, but not required. Dipping fruits into citrus juices (orange, lemon, or pineapple) helps avoid color changes. Vegetables are best dipped in diluted lemon juice before drying (1/4 cup lemon juice to 2 cups water).
Blanching is also recommended for certain vegetables (asparagus, green beans, broccoli, brussles sprouts, cauliflower, and peas). Blanch vegetables in boiling water for 1 to 3 minutes, or until the skin cracks.
If you choose to purchase dried fruit at the supermarket, you will generally find a good selection of the most popular fruits. A larger selection of items, especially dried vegetables, are often found at natural food stores. Most dried fruit is sold pre-packaged and may be found in either the fresh produce or canned food departments.
Dried fruits and vegetables are also sometimes available in the bulk foods section. Do not purchase any dried food with mold or an abnormal smell.
Whether dried at home or purchased, dried fruits and vegetables should be kept in an airtight container. Refrigeration is not necessary, but some people prefer the taste of cold dried food. Dried fruit may be frozen, but this sometimes affects the texture and taste of the food.
Shelf life varies from product to product, but most items will keep, if stored properly, for a minimum of one month. Some items, such as raisins, have a significantly longer shelf life of approximately a year or more.
Generally, once a fruit or vegetable is dried, there is no additional preparation before using. Many recipes require the fruit or vegetable be sliced or diced, which is often easier when the item has been refrigerated overnight. Dried fruit and vegetables are commonly used in bread, desserts, granola, or as a topping.
These are the most practical and common items to dry:
- Fruit: Ripe apples, berries, cherries, peaches, apricots and pears
- Vegetables: Peas, corn, peppers, tomatoes, onions, potatoes and green beans
Recipes
Sea Bass with Dried Fruit Salsa
Makes 4 servings
Each serving equals 1/2 cup of fruit or vegetables
Ingredients
4 (5 to 6 ounce) sea bass fillets, about 1-inch thick)
2 tsp olive oil
2 tsp ground coriander
1 tsp ground cumin
¼ tsp cinnamon
¼ tsp cayenne pepper
¾ tsp salt
¼ cup of each dried fruit, mango, papaya, cherry, and pineapple
1/3 cup apple juice or cider
2 Tbsp cider vinegar
2 Tbsp apricot jam
2 Tbsp chopped cilantro
Rub fish with olive oil. Combine coriander, cumin, cinnamon and cayenne pepper; mix well. Set aside ½ teaspoon of the mixture for the fruit salsa. Add salt to remaining mixture. Rub seasonings over both sides of fish. Heat a large nonstick skillet over high heat until hot. Add fish. Reduce heat to medium, cook 3–5 minutes or until fish is browned and seared. Turn fish over; cook about 5 minutes or until fish is slightly firm and flaky. Combine dried fruit, juice, vinegar and ½ teaspoon reserved seasoning mixture in a small saucepan or microwave-safe dish. Bring to a boil. Stir in jam. Let stand 5 minutes. Transfer fish to serving plates. Top with fruit salsa and sprinkle with cilantro.
Nutritional Analysis: Calories 337, Fat 6g, Calories from Fat 16%, Protein 28g, Carbohydrates 43g, Fiber 3g, Cholesterol 58mg, Sodium 241mg
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